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Introduction to
C Language

C language
in the browser

Handy App
Read it right next to your computer.
Book version bitter C
Read it right next to your computer.
Book version bitter C
Read it right next to your computer.
Book version bitter C
Read it right next to your computer.
Book version bitter C
learn through sufferingC Language
learn through sufferingC Language

About Suffering

Foreword
Hello to all of you diligent people who even read the introduction.
The author originally developed free software, among other things.
There are three reasons why I created 苦Ｃ.

One issue is that the C programming class at my university (or the university I attend) is quite lax.
There's a tendency to overuse poorly explained C terminology and include unnecessary details as well.
It seems the reality is that programming itself is quite close to a copy of the source.

The second is that recently, the author has been feeling a lack of vitality in their life.
The author, until recently, had been passionately involved in developing freeware.
Lately, within my skill set, I've run out of software I want to create.
I had let things drift and was just letting the days go by.

The third is a review of C programming.
Up until recently, I've been studying various new languages and concepts.
I've realized that a solid foundation in C is crucial for keeping up with new things.

For these reasons, the author decided to write an introductory C language tutorial on their own and publish it online.
I thought it would add some rhythm to my life and also serve as a review of C.

In short, the reason the author is publishing a C language introduction this way is...
Not out of a volunteer spirit to have everyone learn C for free,
Simply, it started as something I did for my own learning and entertainment.
ちなみに筆者は、ボランティアとただ働きは同義語であると考えております。

When writing Kutsū C, the goal was to create pages that are as readable as those in a paper magazine, with a comfortable number of characters.
I've made every effort to incorporate explanations closely aligned with the actual implementation of the C language.
Furthermore, it won't stop at the fragmented explanations common to similar sites.
"It explains all the key features of the C language in a systematic way, much like a commercially published book."
With enough motivation, it's designed to let you master the basics of C programming using just C compiler.

Kutsu C is for those who are just starting to program or learning the C language.
I'm not sure it's optimal, but I think it's a promising option.

Author MMGames/Masahiro Moriguchi


About This Site

Learning C language through suffering (Kushi C) is
This is the definitive introduction to the C language.
It systematically explains the basic functions of the C language.
The quality is equal to or higher than commercially available books.

Part 0: Program Overview
  1. What is a program?
Chapter 1: The World's Smallest Program
  1. A do-nothing program.
  2. A compiler is a translation software.
  3. Practice Problem 1
Chapter 2: How to Write Programs
  1. Rules of Writing
  2. Conventions of writing
  3. Practice Problem 2
Chapter 3: Displaying on the Screen
  1. String Display
  2. newline character
  3. Practice Problem 3
Chapter 4: Displaying and Calculating Numbers
  1. Display of numbers
  2. Basic calculations
  3. Numeric types
  4. Practice Problem 4
Chapter 5: Numerical Memory and Calculation
  1. Memorizing numbers.
  2. Types of Variables
  3. Type conversion
  4. Number formatting
  5. Practice Problem 5
Chapter 6: Input from the Keyboard
  1. input function
  2. The fear of input
  3. Practice Problem 6
Chapter 7: Comparison and Judgment
  1. Comparative sentences
  2. Comparison operators
  3. Execution of multiple processes
  4. Problem 7
Chapter 8: Performing Case-by-Case Processing
  1. Two cases
  2. Cases with three or more possibilities.
  3. Case by case basis
  4. Practice Problem 8
Chapter 9: Repeating a Fixed Number of Times
  1. Iterative sentence
  2. How Loops Work
  3. Practice Problem 9
Chapter 10: Repeating Without Knowing the Number of Times
  1. Unspecified loop
  2. Input validation
  3. Practice Problem 10
Chapter 11: How to Create Functions
  1. Creating custom functions
  2. Passing a number to a function.
  3. Return a number from a function.
  4. Practice Problem 11
Chapter 12: Variable Lifetime
  1. Variables with limited scope
  2. The last variable standing
  3. Variables that survive within a function
  4. Practice Problem 12
Chapter 13: Handling Multiple Variables at Once
  1. Handling multiple variables collectively.
  2. Arrays
  3. Practice Problem 13
Chapter 14: How to handle strings
  1. Handling Characters
  2. Ways to handle strings
  3. String manipulation functions
  4. Practice Problem 14
Chapter 15: How Pointer Variables Work
  1. The Mechanism of Memory
  2. Variables and Memory
  3. &付けが必要なvariableの正体
  4. Variable to store an address
  5. Let's try using pointer variables.
  6. Passing information through arguments
  7. &The Peculiar Relationship Between Arrays and Pointers
  8. Practice Problem 15
Chapter 16: Combining Multiple Types
  1. Combining variables of different types.
  2. Structure arguments
  3. Array of Structures
  4. Practice Problem 16
Chapter 17: Handling Files
  1. Reading and writing text files
  2. Reading and writing binary files
  3. Drug response
  4. Practice Problem 17
Chapter 18: Macro Functions
  1. Handling Immutable Values
  2. Constants by other means
  3. Implementing simple functions.
  4. Practice Problem 18
Chapter 19: Dynamic Arrays
  1. Create arrays freely.
  2. Practice Problem 19
Chapter 20: Multiple Source Files
  1. Minimal partitioning
  2. The Divide Principle
  3. Practice Problem 20